Đại thắng mùa Xuân năm 1975 – Thắng lợi của tư tưởng nghệ thuật quân sự Hồ Chí Minh
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Đại thắng mùa Xuân năm 1975 – Thắng lợi của tư tưởng nghệ thuật quân sự Hồ Chí Minh -
The victory of the Spring 1975 General Offensive and Uprising has recorded in our nation’s history as one of the most brilliant pages, an event of great international importance and profound epochal character. . It was also the victory of Ho Chi Minh’s military art thought.
Forty-eight years have passed, but the great value in terms of politics, military, culture, morality …, in which military art Ho Chi Minh in the General Offensive and Uprising in the Spring of 1975, won the prize. Completely liberating the South and reunifying the country is still a topical issue that scholars, scientists, and military experts at home and abroad have studied seriously and scientifically from different angles. different approach.
Liberation Army tanks enter the Independence Palace. (Photo: People’s Army Cinema).
Ho Chi Minh is a great political leader of the working class, of the working people, and an excellent military man of the nation. Ho Chi Minh’s military thought in general, and military art in particular, has illuminated the cause of the struggle for national liberation, national reunification and national defense. The victory of the General Offensive and Uprising in the Spring of 1975 confirmed and brightened up his military thought.
The triumph of artFirmly hold the strategic thought of attack, always keep the initiative. The offensive thought, “resolutely not stopping the offensive position” is a distinctive feature of Ho Chi Minh’s military art. According to him, only the offensive can gain the initiative, the initiative can develop the offensive position. At the same time, he also pointed out that if you want to attack, you must be well prepared in all aspects. “The more complete and complete the preparation, the quicker the counter-attack time.”[1].
The victory of the General Offensive and Uprising in the Spring of 1975 confirmed the correctness of the Party’s military line to direct the resistance war against the US and save the country. One of the right and creative manifestations is that our Party always firmly grasps and thoroughly grasps the offensive strategic ideology, actively builds and develops the force throughout the country, closely adheres to between the rear and the front lines, between the building of the people’s armed forces and the building of a powerful political force of the masses, between the main corps and the local armed forces. In particular, attach great importance to building a strong three-armed force both in quantity and in quality capable of destroying the enemy’s main army on key points, main directions and important strategic areas. creating favorable conditions for the masses to revolt to gain mastery.
The reality shows that the preparation was thorough and adequate in terms of strength, especially the birth of the main legions at the end of the resistance war and was launched into the decisive strategic battle, with the spirit of ” More speed, more speed”, “More bravery and more courage” have clearly demonstrated our Party’s profound awareness and ingenious application of the offensive thought in Ho Chi Minh’s military art into practice. the cause of national liberation, making the victory of the Great Victory in the Spring of 1975.
Victory of The art of synergy. War is a comprehensive test between the warring parties, in order to win, it is necessary to be stronger than the opponent. Ho Chi Minh said that “without using the full force of the people in all aspects to cope, it is impossible to win.”[2]. Accordingly, the entire people’s fighting against the enemy must be associated with comprehensive fighting against the enemy; By bringing into full play the entire people’s force, it is possible to carry out all-round combat against the enemy, and to fully mobilize the entire people’s forces to win victory.
Vietnam is a small nation with limited economic and military potential, its army is small in number, its weapons and equipment are outdated, but it has to deal with an oligarchic imperialist with great potential. economic, strong military, with professional invaders, modern weapons and equipment. Therefore, to defeat the enemy, we cannot use only military strength, material means and technical weapons.
During the resistance war against America to save the country, the idea of promoting synergy was developed by our army and people to the pinnacle of Ho Chi Minh’s military art. Prominent is the creativity of our army and people in closely combining the forms, forces and combat sizes of the three armies (main army, local army and militia and self-defense force), attack the enemy with all three fronts (politics, military and military operations), in all three strategic areas (forests and mountains, rural plains and urban areas), and in the middle (big, medium and small) … It is also a demonstration of the skillful combination between the correct political line and the skillful military line, between the revolutionary strategy and the creative revolutionary method of our Party during the General Offensive and the Spring uprising. Spring 1975. Therefore, we have mobilized the highest source of political – spiritual strength and material strength of all forces, means, forms and sizes in the military and political fields. Economic, cultural, and diplomatic activities created a great synergy to overwhelm, crush the enemy’s resistance, and advance to win all.
Victory of The art of creating power, posing, fighting for time and using stratagems. The General Offensive and Uprising in the Spring of 1975, culminating in the historic Ho Chi Minh campaign, was an expression of the creative application of Ho Chi Minh’s military art in terms of power generation, stance, competition for time, use of stratagems and development. taking advantage of the factors of natural time, geographical advantage, and human harmony. In terms of force, we have mobilized the strength of the entire people both in material and spiritual terms, built up armed forces and mass political forces, brought into play the synergy of the nation and of the times. the strength of the rear and the front, the strength of the battlefield, and the strength of the local area.
According to Ho Chi Minh, there is force to create a position, only force without that cannot defeat the enemy. In the relationship between force and force He appreciates the power of force. He took the example “the weight is only one kilogram, at the advantage, its force increases much, has the power to lift an object weighing hundreds of kilograms. That is the winning position.”[3]. If you have the power, you still have to create opportunities and know how to compete to win, “Located, two cars have to waste. Meet the time, a good and a success”[4]. Implementing his thought, along with creating force, we have created a favorable position on the entire battlefield, blocked the attack direction, surrounded and divided the enemy, changed the position and force on the battlefield. actively organize key battles to create new opportunities to resolve to completely liberate the South.
When we have our position and power, the time has come to know how to use tricks. The tactics of the General Offensive and Uprising in the Spring of 1975 were reflected in all undertakings, strategic plans, campaigns, commanding skills and strategies of generals and soldiers in combat, and their skills in fighting. tricking the enemy… In the people’s war, the stratagems and strategies belong to the people, the whole army, each cadre and soldier, not only the marshal’s department.
The Spring 1975 General Offensive and Uprising began with the Central Highlands campaign. The fact that the Politburo decided to choose the Central Highlands as the opening attack direction is to show our Party’s skillful art of diversionary deception. After that, the victory shocked the Politburo to decide to open the Hue – Da Nang campaign to smash the enemy’s “death-killing” intentions in a short time, changing the strategic comparison of forces. beneficial to us, enabling us to concentrate a large force on the decisive battle at Xuan Loc – the “steel door” to Saigon. After the victory of the Central Highlands campaign and the Hue – Da Nang campaign, the Politburo decided that a new strategic opportunity had come, we had full forces and the ability to attack and completely liberate the South in one shorter time than expected. Accordingly, the campaign to liberate Saigon was named after the Ho Chi Minh campaign with the motto “speedy, bold, determined to win”. On the morning of April 30, 1975, our five armies from five directions simultaneously entered Saigon, occupied the Independence Palace and other important targets, forced the puppet government, and completely disintegrated the main apparatus. their right, complete victory.
The victory of the art of knowing how to win step by step. The great victory in the spring of 1975 was the victory of the art of “winning step by step” in Ho Chi Minh’s military thought – “Fight for the Americans to get out, to fight for the Wei”. Winning step by step reflects the inevitability of revolutionary wars for small and weak peoples, against the invasion wars of imperialist countries with strong economic and military potential and professional aggressors. . At the same time, that is also the rule of victory of the Vietnamese Revolution.
During the resistance war against the US, for national salvation, our Party had clearly defined the motto of directing the Southern revolution to develop in the direction of partial victory, towards a total offensive and a total uprising for complete victory. . Resolution 9 of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (December 6, 1963) clearly stated: “Defeat the enemy step by step, achieve partial victory, and proceed to complete victory.”[5]. “Win step by step”, but at the same time our Party has also stated clearly, “must know how to win step by step properly… in order to move forward to win complete victory”[6].
After the victory of the General Offensive and the Tet Offensive in 1968, it was like a “lightning strike” that stunned the US and puppets, forcing the US to step down the ladder, withdraw their troops and switch to the “Vietnamese” strategy. “Southernization of war” in order to prolong the war in our country. At the end of 1972, the North Vietnamese army and people defeated the second time the US army’s air raid, making the victory “Dien Bien covered in the air” shaken the world, forcing the US to sign the Paris Agreement (1, 2). 1973), withdrew all troops back to the country. With the strategic thought of attacking, resolutely attacking, “Fight for America to go, fight for Wei”, our Party has grasped the opportunity and made a determination to quickly completely liberate the South, as soon as possible. The victory of the General Offensive and Uprising in the Spring of 1975 proved the ingenious military policy of our Party in the resistance war against the US and national salvation. At the same time, we have creatively applied the art of starting and ending war at the right time.
The great victory in the spring of 1975 and the victory of Ho Chi Minh’s military thought are inevitable and of lasting value to the nation. In the book “Headquarters in the Spring of Victory”, General Vo Nguyen Giap wrote: “Uncle’s revolutionary and military thought brought about a complete victory for the cause of national liberation.”[7]. The victory of the General Offensive and Uprising in the Spring of 1975, culminating in the historic Ho Chi Minh campaign, fulfilled his burning aspiration “Reunifying the country is the way of life of our people.”[8].
Today, the cause of national construction and defense is in a new situation, with many changes compared to before and complicated and unpredictable fluctuations. The achievements that our people have won are great, very proud, need to be protected and developed in the new conditions and circumstances of the country. However, in order to reach the final victory, it is required that we continue to deeply study Ho Chi Minh’s thought in general, and military art in particular, on that basis, know how to use the utmost flexibility. Active and creative in accordance with the development of the new situation, in accordance with the principle of unity between theory and practice. At the same time, they must always actively and effectively fight against false, hostile, distorting, distorting views, denying the historical value of the nation, the history of the Vietnamese revolutionary war and military ideology of Ho Chi Minh.
Academy of Politics, Ministry of National Defense
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Note:
[1] Ho Chi Minh, Full episode, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2011, volume 7, p. thirty first.
[2] Ho Chi Minh, Full episode, Phone number, volume 4, p. 344.
[3] Ho Chi Minh, Full episodePhone number, volume 15, page 567.
[4] Ho Chi Minh, Full episode, Phone number, volume 3, p. 326.
[5] CPV, Complete Party Documents, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2002, volume 24, p. 832.
[6] CPV, Complete Party Documents, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2002, volume 34, p. 142
[7] Vo Nguyen Giap, Headquarters in the spring win, National Program Publishing House, Hanoi, 2000, p. 343.
[8] Ho Chi Minh, Full episode, Phone number, volume 10, p. 360.
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